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Klinefelter syndrome (KS), ... The rate of Klinefelter syndrome among infertile males is 3.1%. The syndrome is the main cause of male hypogonadism. [67]
Klinefelter syndrome. Klinefelter’s syndrome occurs when a man is born with one or more extra X chromosomes, leading to a variety of impacts that include underdeveloped testicles, impaired ...
Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism can be caused by a variety of genetic and acquired factors. Common genetic causes include Turner syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome, while acquired causes may involve infections, trauma, radiation, or chemotherapy affecting the gonads. [13]
Examples include Klinefelter syndrome and Turner syndrome. Mumps is known to cause testicular failure, and in recent years has been immunized against in the US. A varicocele can reduce hormonal production as well. [citation needed]
A variation of Klinefelter syndrome is when some cells in an individual have the extra X chromosome but others do not, referred to as mosaic Klinefelter syndrome. The reduction of testosterone in the male body normally results in an overall decrease in the production of viable sperm for these individuals thereby forcing them to turn to ...
DSDs caused by chromosomal variation generally do not present with genital ambiguity. This includes sex chromosome DSDs such as Klinefelter syndrome, Turner syndrome and 45,X or 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis. [14] Males with Klinefelter syndrome usually have a karyotype of 47,XXY as a result of having two or more X chromosomes. [15]
Increased levels of these hormones will cause the body to not start puberty, not undergo menarche, and not develop secondary sex characteristics. [9] [10] If ovarian tissue is present and produces some amount of hormones, limited menstrual cycles can occur. [9] 46,XX gonadal dysgenesis can manifest from a variety of causes. [6]
Klinefelter syndrome is the most common sex chromosome aneuploidy in humans. It represents the most frequent cause of hypogonadism and infertility in men. Most cases are caused by nondisjunction errors in paternal meiosis I. [2] About eighty percent of individuals with this syndrome have one extra X chromosome resulting in the karyotype XXY ...