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Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction can be difficult to diagnose clinically given the lack of specific symptoms [2] and frequent misinterpretation as manifestations of vigorous exercise. There are many mimics that present with similar symptoms, such as vocal cord dysfunction , cardiac arrhythmias , cardiomyopathies , and gastroesophageal ...
More generally termed exercise-induced asthma, the preferred and more accurate term exercise-induced bronchoconstriction better reflects underlying pathophysiology.It is also preferred due to the former term giving the false impression that asthma is caused by exercise.
Bronchospasm or a bronchial spasm is a sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles. It is caused by the release ( degranulation ) of substances from mast cells or basophils under the influence of anaphylatoxins .
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (or other combinations with airway or hyperreactivity, BH used as a general abbreviation) [1] is a state characterised by easily triggered bronchospasm (contraction of the bronchioles or small airways). Bronchial hyperresponsiveness can be assessed with a bronchial challenge test.
Exercise can trigger bronchoconstriction both in people with or without asthma. [116] It occurs in most people with asthma and up to 20% of people without asthma. [116] Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction is common in professional athletes. The highest rates are among cyclists (up to 45%), swimmers, and cross-country skiers. [117]
Salbutamol is typically used to treat bronchospasm (due to any cause—allergic asthma or exercise-induced), as well as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. [8] It is also one of the most common medicines used in rescue inhalers (short-term bronchodilators to alleviate asthma attacks). [17] As a β 2 agonist, salbutamol also has use in ...
Symptoms of bronchospasm include shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing and chest tightness. It is also used to prevent breathing difficulties during exercise (exercise-induced bronchoconstriction). [3] It was patented in 1983 and came into medical use in 1990. [4] It is marketed as Serevent in the US. [5]
Montelukast is used for a number of conditions including asthma, exercise induced bronchospasm, allergic rhinitis, and urticaria. [11] It is mainly used as a complementary therapy in adults in addition to inhaled corticosteroids, if inhaled steroids alone do not bring the desired effect.