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Subcutaneous emphysema of the chest wall is commonly among the first indications that barotrauma, damage caused by excessive pressure, has occurred; [1] [18] it suggests that the lung was subjected to significant barotrauma. [19] Thus the phenomenon may occur in diving injuries. [5] [20]
A chest X-ray showing right sided (seen on the left of the picture) pulmonary contusion associated with rib fractures and subcutaneous emphysema. Chest X-ray is the most common method used for diagnosis, [37] and may be used to confirm a diagnosis already made using clinical signs. [20] Consolidated areas appear white on an X-ray film. [42]
The presence of emphysema is a clear risk factor for lung cancer, made stronger in those who smoke. [20] Early symptoms of emphysema vary. They can include a cough (with or without sputum), wheezing, a fast breathing rate, breathlessness on exertion, and a feeling of tightness in the chest. There may be frequent cold or flu infections. [1]
A chest X-ray of a right sided pulmonary contusion associated with flail chest and subcutaneous emphysema. Contusion may mask pulmonary laceration on chest X-ray. Pulmonary laceration may not be visible using chest X-ray because an associated pulmonary contusion or hemorrhage may mask it.
Associated findings such as air surrounding other mediastinal structures, such as the esophagus or great vessels may be present. Subcutaneous emphysema or air tracking into the neck may also be seen. This sign may also be diagnosed in X-ray images, although the sensitivity is much lower than that of CT. [4]
Damage to the airways can cause subcutaneous emphysema (air trapped in the subcutaneous tissue of the skin) in the abdomen, chest, neck, and head. [2] Subcutaneous emphysema, present in up to 85% of people with TBI, [10] is particularly indicative of the injury when it is only in the neck. [13] Air is trapped in the chest cavity outside the ...