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Watson and Clark (1991) proposed the Tripartite Model of Anxiety and Depression to help explain the comorbidity between anxious and depressive symptoms and disorders. [1] This model divides the symptoms of anxiety and depression into three groups: negative affect, positive affect and physiological hyperarousal.
Cognitive distortions are involved in the onset or perpetuation of psychopathological states, such as depression and anxiety. [1] According to Aaron Beck's cognitive model, a negative outlook on reality, sometimes called negative schemas (or schemata), is a factor in symptoms of emotional dysfunction and poorer subjective well-being.
According to the Mental Health Foundation, rumination has been identified to be one of the main problems that leads to anxiety and depression. A study conducted by psychologists from the University of Liverpool suggests that dwelling on negative events that have occurred in one's life is the biggest predictor of depression and anxiety. [55]
Depression is a significant mental illness with physiological and psychological consequences, including sluggishness, diminished interest and pleasure, and disturbances in sleep and appetite. [1] It is predicted that by the year 2030, depression will be the number one cause of disability in the United States and other high-income countries. [2]
Co-rumination is a type of behavior that is positively correlated with both rumination and self-disclosure and has been linked to a history of anxiety [2] because co-ruminating may exacerbate worries about whether problems will be resolved, about negative consequences of problems, and depressive diagnoses due to the consistent negative focus on ...
And also positive diurnal variation mood (bad mood in the morning, good mood in the evening), [73] sensitivity to negative stimulation and mixed symptoms in some people, etc. [74] [75] Mood swings in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Mood changes erratically [ 76 ] with episodic mood swings rising in the period of recovery process.