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Economic history of the Russian Empire. Russian national income per capita increased and moved to closer to the most developed economies of Northern and Western Europe from the late 17th century to the 1740s. [2] After the 1740s, the Russian economy stagnated and declined. In the 18th century, Russian national income per capita was about 40 ...
By 2016, the Russian economy rebounded with 0.3% GDP growth and officially exited recession. The growth continued in 2017, with an increase of 1.5%. [145] [146] In January 2016, Bloomberg rated Russia's economy as the 12th most innovative in the world, [147] up from 14th in January 2015 [148] and 18th in January 2014. [149]
Perestroika (/ ˌ p ɛr ə ˈ s t r ɔɪ k ə / PERR-ə-STROY-kə; Russian: перестройка, IPA: [pʲɪrʲɪˈstrojkə] ⓘ) [1] was a political reform movement within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) during the late 1980s, widely associated with CPSU general secretary Mikhail Gorbachev and his glasnost (meaning "transparency") policy reform.
A major strength of the Soviet economy was its enormous supply of oil and gas, which became much more valuable as exports after the world price of oil skyrocketed in the 1970s. As Daniel Yergin notes, the Soviet economy in its final decades was "heavily dependent on vast natural resources–oil and gas in particular".
Russia's GDP by purchasing power parity (PPP) from 1991 to 2019 (in international dollars) Russian male life expectancy from 1980 to 2007. With the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact and COMECON and other treaties that served to bind its satellite states to the Soviet Union, the conversion of the world's largest state-controlled economy into a market-oriented economy would have been ...
1980 – 1990 – The European Economic Community, the United States and Japan lead expansion. At exchange rates, the global economic output expanded by US$11.5 trillion from 1980 to 1990. The five largest contributors to global output contraction are Argentina, Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Venezuela.
Russian national border change since 1991. This map shows that some portions of the border were continuously held by Russia for more than 200 years before being given to the newly independent states of the "near abroad". Russian GDP since the end of the Soviet Union (from 2014 are forecasts) Russian male life expectancy, 1980–2007
The Revolutions of 1989, also known as the Fall of Communism, [3] were a revolutionary wave of liberal democracy movements that resulted in the collapse of most Marxist–Leninist governments in the Eastern Bloc and other parts of the world. This revolutionary wave is sometimes referred to as the Autumn of Nations, [4][5][6][7][8] a play on the ...