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The water–cement ratio (w/c ratio, or water-to-cement ratio, sometimes also called the Water-Cement Factor, f) is the ratio of the mass of water (w) to the mass of cement (c) used in a concrete mix: The typical values of this ratio f = w⁄c are generally comprised in the interval 0.40 and 0.60. The water-cement ratio of the fresh concrete ...
A concrete mixer (also cement mixer) is a device that homogeneously combines cement, aggregate (e.g. sand or gravel), and water to form concrete. A typical concrete mixer uses a revolving drum to mix the components. For smaller volume works, portable concrete mixers are often used so that the concrete can be made at the construction site ...
Concrete has a limited lifespan between batching / mixing and curing. This means that ready-mixed concrete should be placed within 30 to 45 minutes of the batching process to hold slump and mix design specifications in the US, [15] though in the UK, environmental and material factors, plus in-transit mixing, allow for up two hours to elapse. [16]
Creep and shrinkage of concrete are two physical properties of concrete. The creep of concrete, which originates from the calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) in the hardened Portland cement paste (which is the binder of mineral aggregates), is fundamentally different from the creep of metals and polymers. Unlike the creep of metals, it occurs at ...
Properties of concrete. Concrete has relatively high compressive strength (resistance to breaking when squeezed), but significantly lower tensile strength (resistance to breaking when pulled apart). The compressive strength is typically controlled with the ratio of water to cement when forming the concrete, and tensile strength is increased by ...
Superadobe is a form of earthbag construction that was developed by Iranian architect Nader Khalili. [1] The technique uses layered long fabric tubes or bags filled with adobe to form a compression structure. [2] The resulting beehive -shaped structures employ corbelled arches, corbelled domes, and vaults to create sturdy single and double ...