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Undernutrition in children, occurs when children do not consume enough calories, protein, or micronutrients to maintain good health. [3][4] It is common globally and may result in both short and long term irreversible adverse health outcomes. Undernutrition is sometimes used synonymously with malnutrition, however, malnutrition could mean both ...
A child with extreme malnutrition. Social conditions have a significant influence on the health of people. [77] The social determinants of undernutrition mainly include poor education, poverty, disease burden and lack of women's empowerment. [78] Identifying and addressing these determinants can eliminate undernutrition in the long term. [78]
On average, adults who were malnourished as children can earn an estimated 20% less than those who weren't malnourished as children. Due to the effects of malnutrition in developing countries, losses in GDP can add up to 2-3% annually. Malnutrition is estimated to cost $20–$30 billion per year globally.
Endocrinology. Protein–energy undernutrition (PEU), once called protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), is a form of malnutrition that is defined as a range of conditions arising from coincident lack of dietary protein and/or energy (calories) in varying proportions. The condition has mild, moderate, and severe degrees.
Nutritional deficiencies included: protein-energy malnutrition, iodine deficiency, vitamin A deficiency, and iron deficiency anaemia. [1] There were 735.1 million malnourished people in the world in 2022, a decrease of 58.3 million since 2005, [2] despite the fact that the world already produces enough food to feed everyone (8 billion people ...
Human nutrition. Human nutrition deals with the provision of essential nutrients in food that are necessary to support human life and good health. [1] Poor nutrition is a chronic problem often linked to poverty, food security, or a poor understanding of nutritional requirements. [2]
Marasmus is a form of severe malnutrition characterized by energy deficiency. It can occur in anyone with severe malnutrition but usually occurs in children. Body weight is reduced to less than 62% of the normal (expected) body weight for the age. [1] Marasmus occurrence increases prior to age 1, whereas kwashiorkor occurrence increases after ...
Kwashiorkor is a type of severe acute malnutrition (SAM). SAM is a category, composed of two conditions: marasmus and kwashiorkor. [9] Both kwashiorkor and marasmus fall under the umbrella of protein–energy malnutrition (PEM). [10] These diseases are oftentimes discussed together, but are distinctly separate conditions of malnutrition.