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The Roman army of the mid-Republic, also called the manipular Roman army or the Polybian army, refers to the armed forces deployed by the mid-Roman Republic, from the end of the Samnite Wars (290 BC) to the end of the Social War (88 BC).
The Roman Republic was a state that lasted from the overthrow of the last Roman king, Tarquin, in 509 BCE, to the establishment of the Roman Empire, in 27 BCE, when Octavian was given the name Augustus and made princeps.
The Roman Army, famed for its discipline, organisation, and innovation in both weapons and tactics, allowed Rome to build and defend a huge empire which for centuries would dominate the Mediterranean world and beyond.
This comprehensive article provides an in-depth exploration of the Roman army, encompassing its hierarchical structure, meticulously crafted equipment, rigorous training regimens, daily routines, and the enduring legacy it imprinted on the history of the Roman Republic and Empire.
The Roman army (Latin: exercitus Romanus) was the armed forces deployed by the Romans throughout the duration of Ancient Rome, from the Roman Kingdom (753 BC–509 BC) to the Roman Republic (509 BC–27 BC) and the Roman Empire (27 BC–476 AD), and its medieval continuation, the Eastern Roman Empire.
The Roman Republic (Latin: Res publica Romana [ˈreːs ˈpuːblɪka roːˈmaːna]) was the era of classical Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (traditionally dated to 509 BC) and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire following the War of Actium.
The below narrative initially features a chronologically based series of themes reviewing the military history of the Roman Republic, before covering specific Republican Roman and opposing military establishments.
The Roman army was one of the most formidable and influential military forces in ancient history. Its success was due in large part to its professionalism, discipline, and adaptability.
One of the most distinctive features of the Roman army was its manipular system, a flexible formation that allowed for greater mobility on the battlefield. This system was divided into three main lines: the hastatii at the front, the principes in the middle, and the triarii at the rear.
cohort. legion, a military organization, originally the largest permanent organization in the armies of ancient Rome. The term legion also denotes the military system by which imperial Rome conquered and ruled the ancient world.