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The goal-free evaluator attempts to observe and measure all actual outcomes, effects, or impacts, intended or unintended, all without being cued to the program's intentions.As Popham analogizes, "As you can learn from any baseball pitcher who has set out in the first inning to pitch a shutout, the game's final score is the thing that counts ...
[2] [3] The United States has had an OBE program in place since 1994 that has been adapted over the years. [4] [5] In 2005, Hong Kong adopted an outcome-based approach for its universities. [6] Malaysia implemented OBE in all of their public schools systems in 2008. [7] The European Union has proposed an education shift to focus on outcomes ...
The program theory, also called a logic model, knowledge map, [11] or impact pathway, [12] is an assumption, implicit in the way the program is designed, about how the program's actions are supposed to achieve the outcomes it intends. This 'logic model' is often not stated explicitly by people who run programs, it is simply assumed, and so an ...
As explained by Carter [1] (as quoted in), [2] "Performance budgets use statements of missions, goals, and objectives to explain why the money is being spent. It is a way to allocate resources to achieve specific objectives based on program goals and measured results." The key to understanding performance-based budgeting lies beneath the word ...
Many of these goals were based on the principles of outcomes-based education, and not all of the goals were attained by the year 2000 as intended. Many see this as the predecessor to the No Child Left Behind program, which mandated measurable improvement in student achievement across all groups. Goals 2000 established a framework in which to ...
A theory of change (ToC) is an explicit theory of how and why it is thought that a social policy or program activities lead to outcomes and impacts. [1] ToCs are used in the design of programs and program evaluation, across a range of policy areas. Theories of change can be developed at any stage of a program, depending on the intended use.
The estimate of program effect is then based on the difference between the groups on a suitable outcome measure (Rossi et al., 2004). The random assignment of individuals to program and control groups allows for making the assumption of continuing equivalence.
Structure of observed learning outcome (SOLO) DIKW pyramid; Model of hierarchical complexity; In some organisations the term learning outcome is used in the part of a course description where aims are normally found. [5] [6] One can equate aims to intended learning outcomes and objectives to measured learning outcomes.