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Fetal death, fetal demise [1] Ultrasound is often used to diagnose stillbirth and medical conditions that raise the risk. Specialty: Obstetrics and Gynaecology, neonatology, pediatrics, Symptoms: Fetal death at or after 20 / 28 weeks of pregnancy [1] [2]: Overview tab Causes: Often unknown, pregnancy complications [1] [3] Risk factors
When symptoms develop, they tend to develop suddenly. Common symptoms include: sudden-onset abdominal pain [5] [8] contractions that seem continuous and do not stop [5] vaginal bleeding [5] [8] enlarged uterus (disproportionate to the gestational age of the fetus) [5] decreased fetal movement [5] decreased fetal heart rate. [5]
This leads to decrease oxygen carried past the maternal villi into the intervillus space. The lack of terminal dilation and inclining blood velocity causes shredding of the villi into the maternal blood, releasing blood coagulants activating the coagulation cascade. Which then leads to blocking of the blood vessels causing placental infarction. [5]
Intrauterine hypoxia (also known as fetal hypoxia) occurs when the fetus is deprived of an adequate supply of oxygen. It may be due to a variety of reasons such as prolapse or occlusion of the umbilical cord , placental infarction , maternal diabetes (prepregnancy or gestational diabetes ) [ 1 ] and maternal smoking .
It is a frequent cause of low maternal blood pressure (hypotension), which can result in loss of consciousness [1] and in extreme circumstances fetal demise. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Signs and symptoms
Doctors insisted on two ultrasounds to confirm “fetal demise.” ... Crain passed away on October 29, 2023 at 25 weeks of pregnancy due to preventable causes, including hemorrhaging, after ...
Up to 30ml of foetal-maternal transfusion may take place with no significant signs or symptoms seen in either mother or foetus. [3] Loss in excess of this may result in significant morbidity and mortality to the fetus. Fetal-maternal haemorrhage is one cause of intrauterine death (IUD).
In 2003, the Centers for Disease Control began to redefine pregnancy losses at 20 weeks or greater as fetal demise, but parents still preferred the terms miscarriage and stillbirth.