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Nevertheless, perchloric acid (HClO 4), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4), and nitric acid (HNO 3) are a few common oxyacids that are relatively easily prepared as pure substances. Imidic acids are created by replacing =O with =NR in an oxyacid. [2]
Binary acids are often contrasted with oxyacids, which are acids that contain oxygen and other compounds. However, other categories of acids remain in widespread use, including carboxylic acids. In addition, there are subcategories of binary acids, such as hydrohalic acids, which are binary acids where X is one of the halogens.
Since 1988, it has been called Group 15 by the IUPAC. Before that, in America it was called Group VA, owing to a text by H. C. Deming and the Sargent-Welch Scientific Company, while in Europe it was called Group VB, which the IUPAC had recommended in 1970. [2] (Pronounced "group five A" and "group five B"; "V" is the Roman numeral 5).
Although acids such as phosphoric acid are written as H 3 PO 4, the protons are attached to oxygen atoms forming hydroxyl groups, so the formula can also be written as OP(OH) 3 to better reflect the structure. Sulfuric acid may be written as O 2 S(OH) 2; this is the molecule observed in the gas phase.
Polysulfuric acids including disulfuric acid (pyrosulfuric acid) H 2 SO 4 ·nSO 3 +6 Disulfate (commonly known as pyrosulfate), S 2 O 2− 7 and trisulfate, S 3 O 2− 10: Pure disulfuric acid melts at 36 °C. Present in fuming sulfuric acid, oleum. Examples known for n = 1 and n = 2. Peroxymonosulfuric acid: H 2 SO 5 +6 Peroxomonosulfate, OOSO ...
There are a number of exceptions and special cases that violate the above rules. Sometimes the prefix is left off the initial atom: I 2 O 5 is known as iodine pentaoxide, but it should be called diiodine pentaoxide. N 2 O 3 is called nitrogen sesquioxide (sesqui-means 1 + 1 ⁄ 2). The main oxide of phosphorus is called phosphorus pentaoxide.
3), a triprotic acid. It forms orthophosphate salt and esters, commonly called phosphates. The smallest compounds of this class with two or more phosphorus atoms are called "oligophosphoric acids", and the larger ones, with linear –P–O– backbones, are "polyphosphoric acids"; with no definite separation between the two.
Sulfonic acids, such as p-toluenesulfonic acid (tosylic acid) are a class of strong organic oxyacids. [7] Some sulfonic acids can be isolated as solids. Polystyrene functionalized into polystyrene sulfonate is an example of a substance that is a solid strong acid.