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Levodopa crosses the protective blood–brain barrier, whereas dopamine itself cannot. [3] [4] Thus, levodopa is used to increase dopamine concentrations in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, Parkinsonism, dopamine-responsive dystonia and Parkinson-plus syndrome. The therapeutic efficacy is different for different kinds of symptoms.
One of the possible causes of food allergies in dogs is a reaction of the dog's immune system to the proteins in a diet. [12] One method that may be used to try and combat this immunologic response in dogs with food allergies is the use of hydrolyzed proteins in the diet.
A balanced diet is recommended to help improve digestion. Diet should include high-fiber foods and plenty of water. [20] Levodopa and proteins use the same transportation system in the intestine and the blood–brain barrier, competing between them for access. [20]
In England, care to give dogs particular food dates at least from the late eighteenth century, when The Sportsman's dictionary (1785) described the best diet for a dog's health in its article "Dog": A dog is of a very hot nature: he should therefore never be without clean water by him, that he may drink when he is thirsty.
[4] [6] It is most often used as an adjunct to medications such as levodopa (L-DOPA), although it has been used off-label as a monotherapy. [57] [58] The rationale for adding selegiline to levodopa is to decrease the required dose of levodopa and thus reduce the motor complications of levodopa therapy. [59]
During growth, young dogs are more susceptible to infection, but the addition of proper levels of vitamin E to the diet reduces free radical oxidative damage and leads to an increase in immunity. Calcium and phosphorus, in the appropriate amounts and ratio, aid in proper bone and cartilage growth and maturation.