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Non-freezing cold injuries (NFCI) is a class of tissue damage caused by sustained exposure to low temperature without actual freezing. [1] There are several forms of NFCI, and the common names may refer to the circumstances in which they commonly occur or were first described, such as trench foot, which was named after its association with trench warfare.
Immersion foot syndromes are a class of foot injury caused by water absorption in the outer layer of skin. [1] [2] There are different subclass names for this condition based on the temperature of the water to which the foot is exposed. These include trench foot, tropical immersion foot, and warm water immersion foot.
Trench foot was an informal name applied to the condition from its prevalence during the trench warfare of World War I. [1] Health officials at the time used a variety of other terms as they studied the condition, but trench foot was eventually formally sanctioned and used. [2] Informally, it was also known as jungle rot during the Vietnam War. [5]
A mild case of trench foot. Nonfreezing cold injury commonly affects the feet due to prolonged exposure to wet socks or cold standing water. [4] Symptoms progress through a series of four stages. [4] [15] A severe case of trench foot. During cold exposure. Affected skin becomes numb, which can cause a clumsy walking pattern if the feet are affected
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If trench foot is treated properly, complete recovery is normal, though it is marked by severe short-term pain when feeling returns. Trench foot affected tens of thousands of soldiers engaged in trench warfare in World War I. Keeping feet warm and dry, or at least changing into warm and dry replacement footgear, is the best way to avoid trench ...
Whale oil was widely used in the First World War as a preventive measure against trench foot. An infantry battalion of the British Army during World War I on the Western Front could be expected to use 10 imp gal (45 L; 12 US gal) of whale oil a day. The oil was rubbed directly onto bare feet in order to protect them from the effects of immersion.
Government funded projects during the Second World War realigned the laboratory's scientific endeavours from industry related research to research that involved the physiological environment soldiers faced at war. Clothing was tested to understand the heat distribution in the body to mitigate the impacts of 'trench-foot' and frostbite. Rations ...