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Deforestation in the city of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil's Rio de Janeiro state, 2009. Deforestation or forest clearance is the removal and destruction of a forest or stand of trees from land that is then converted to non-forest use. [1] Deforestation can involve conversion of forest land to farms, ranches, or urban use.
Land use change, especially in the form of deforestation, is the second largest source of carbon dioxide emissions from human activities, after the burning of fossil fuels. [4] [5] Greenhouse gases are emitted from deforestation during the burning of forest biomass and decomposition of remaining plant material and soil carbon.
Rates and causes of deforestation vary from region to region around the world. In 2009, two-thirds of the world's forests were located in just 10 countries: Russia , Brazil , Canada , the United States , China , Australia , the Democratic Republic of the Congo , Indonesia , India , and Peru .
The direct cause of most deforestation is agriculture by far. [33] More than 80% of deforestation was attributed to agriculture in 2018. [34] Forests are being converted to plantations for coffee, palm oil, rubber and various other popular products. [35] Livestock grazing also drives deforestation.
Deforestation in the United States was affected by many factors. One such factor was the effect, whether positive or negative, that the logging industry has on forests in the country. Logging in the United States is a hotly debated topic as groups who either support or oppose logging argue over its benefits and negative effects.
There are many different types of land conversion, but some of the most common include: Deforestation: This is the clearing of forests for agricultural, urban, or industrial development. Deforestation can have a number of negative environmental impacts, including soil erosion, flooding, and climate change.
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Tropical deforestation: In most cases of tropical deforestation, three to four underlying causes are driving two to three proximate causes. [19] This means that a universal policy for controlling tropical deforestation would not be able to address the unique combination of proximate and underlying causes of deforestation in each country. [19]