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Sanitation as defined by the World Health Organization: [2] "Sanitation generally refers to the provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human urine and feces. Inadequate sanitation is a major cause of disease world-wide and improving sanitation is known to have a significant beneficial impact on health both in households ...
Onsite sanitation (or on-site sanitation) is defined as "a sanitation system in which excreta and wastewater are collected and stored or treated on the plot where they are generated". [ 22 ] : 173 Another term that is used for the same system is non-sewered sanitation systems (NSSS), which are prevalent in many countries. [ 39 ]
India was an exception – here the government led the somewhat similar "Total Sanitation Campaign" which has been turned into the "Clean India Mission" or Swachh Bharat Abhiyan in 2014. CLTS as an idea now has many supporters around the world, with Robert Chambers, co-writer of the CLTS Foundation Handbook, describing it this way:
The progress towards achieving the sanitation MDG has been slow and varied in different parts of the world. The main objective in declaring 2008 as the International Year of Sanitation is to help get the sanitation MDG back on track for achieving the goal of halving the proportion of people without access to basic sanitation by 2015.
Therefore, the provision of clean water and sanitation for all is a precursor to achieving many of the other SDGs. [34] WASH experts have stated that without progress on Goal 6, the other goals and targets cannot be achieved. [35] [36] For example, sanitation improvements can lead to more jobs which would also lead to economic growth. [37]
Emergency pit latrines with bathing shelters built in the Bidi Bidi Refugee Settlement in northern Uganda. To address the problem of public health and the spread of dangerous diseases that come as a result of lack of sanitation and open defecation, humanitarian actors focus on the construction of, for example, pit latrines and the implementation of hygiene promotion programs.
Five basic disciplines generally contribute to the field of environmental health: environmental epidemiology, toxicology, exposure science, environmental engineering, and environmental law. Each of these five disciplines contributes different information to describe problems and solutions in environmental health.
WSSCC worked to address the sanitation crisis and promote universal access to sanitation in collaboration with a range of partners. [1] The United Nations estimates that some 2.2 billion people lack basic sanitation services and 3 billion people lack access to basic handwashing facilities at home. [2]