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Trade inside Chile was small since cities were tiny and self-sufficient. [47] Direct trade with Spain over the Straits of Magellan and Buenos Aires begun first in the 18th century constituting primarily an export route for gold, silver and copper from Chilean mining. By the same time Spains trade monopoly with its colonies was successively ...
By the 16th century, Spanish invaders began to raid the region of present-day Chile, and the territory was a colony from 1540 to 1818, when it gained independence from Spain. The country's economic development was successively marked by the export of first agricultural produce, then saltpeter and later copper.
The Conquest of Chile is a period in Chilean historiography that starts with the arrival of Pedro de Valdivia to Chile in 1541 and ends with the death of Martín García Óñez de Loyola in the Battle of Curalaba in 1598, and the subsequent destruction of the Seven Cities in 1598–1604 in the Araucanía region.
The Mapuche people of Chile, whom the Spaniards called Araucanians, resisted fiercely. The Spanish did establish the settlement of Chile in 1541, founded by Pedro de Valdivia. [33] Southward colonization by the Spanish in Chile halted after the conquest of Chiloé Archipelago in 1567.
Spain lacked the wealth and the interest to develop an extensive economic infrastructure in its African colonies during the first half of the 20th century. However, through a paternalistic system, particularly on Bioko Island , Spain developed large cocoa plantations for which thousands of Nigerian workers were imported as laborers.
Although Moderates—who continued advocating political control of the elites and greater autonomy without a complete rupture from Spain—gained the majority of seats, a vocal minority was formed by Extremist revolutionaries who now wanted complete and instant independence from Spain. The Real Audiencia of Chile, a long-standing pillar of ...
In April 1844, Spain recognized Chile's independence, and both nations formally established diplomatic relations after the signing of a Treaty of Peace and Friendship. [2] In March 1866, during the Chincha Islands War , Spain bombarded the Chilean port of Valparaíso in retaliation for Chile's participation in the war and for refusing Spanish ...
He extended Spanish rule south to the Biobío River in 1546, fought again in Peru (1546–1548), and returned to Chile as governor in 1549. He began to colonize Chile south of the Biobío and founded Concepción in 1550. [2] He was captured and killed by Mapuche Indians during the Arauco War in 1553. The city of Valdivia in Chile is named after ...