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EDS can be a symptom of a number of factors and disorders. Specialists in sleep medicine are trained to diagnose them. Some are: Insufficient quality or quantity of night time sleep [5] Obstructive sleep apnea [6] Misalignments of the body's circadian pacemaker with the environment (e.g., jet lag, shift work, or other circadian rhythm sleep ...
Individuals with IH share common symptoms including excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep inertia, brain fog, and long sleep periods. [10] [11] [12]Excessive daytime sleepiness, characterized by persistent sleepiness throughout the day and often a general lack of energy, even during the day after apparently adequate or even prolonged nighttime sleep.
Sleep apnea is the second most frequent cause of secondary hypersomnia, affecting up to 4% of middle-aged adults, mostly men. Upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) is a clinical variant of sleep apnea that can also cause hypersomnia. [8] Just as other sleep disorders (like narcolepsy) can coexist with sleep apnea, the same is true for UARS.
[2] [3] [11] People in this state are extremely hyperactive and may have delusions and hallucinations. [13] Malignant catatonia: This form of catatonia is life-threatening. It is characterized by fever, dramatic and rapid changes in blood pressure, increased heart rate and respiratory rate, and excessive sweating. [2] [3] Laboratory tests may ...
Sleep inversion may be a symptom of elevated blood ammonia levels [2] and is often an early symptom of hepatic encephalopathy. [3] Sleep inversion is a feature of African trypanosomiasis, after which the disease takes its common name, "African sleeping sickness"; [4] sleep-wake cycle disturbances are the most common indication that the disease has reached the stage where infection spreads into ...
It is crucial to aim for objective measures to quantify the sleepiness. A good measurement tool is the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT). It assesses the sleep onset latency during the course of one day—often from 8:00 to 16:00. [10] An average sleep onset latency of less than 5 minutes is an indication of pathological sleepiness. [11]
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Night terror, also called sleep terror, is a sleep disorder causing feelings of panic or dread and typically occurring during the first hours of stage 3–4 non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep [1] and lasting for 1 to 10 minutes. [2] It can last longer, especially in children. [2]