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Cell death occurs when the severity of the injury exceeds the cell's ability to repair itself. [2] Cell death is relative to both the length of exposure to a harmful stimulus and the severity of the damage caused. [1] Cell death may occur by necrosis or apoptosis.
The damage caused by free radicals ... due to action of ALC1, occurs by 10 ... overwhelming the capacity of the cell to repair DNA damage, resulting in cell death ...
In terms of repair models in the cell cycle, HR is only possible during the S and G2 phases, while NHEJ can occur throughout whole process. [3] These repair pathways are all regulated by the overarching DNA damage response mechanism. [4] Besides HR and NHEJ, there are also other repair models which exists in cells.
Necrosis is caused by factors external to the cell or tissue, such as infection, or trauma which result in the unregulated digestion of cell components. In contrast, apoptosis is a naturally occurring programmed and targeted cause of cellular death. While apoptosis often provides beneficial effects to the organism, necrosis is almost always ...
The schematic diagram indicates the roles of insufficient DNA repair in aging and cancer, and the role of apoptosis in cancer prevention. An excess of naturally occurring DNA damage, due to inherited deficiencies in particular DNA repair enzymes, can cause premature aging or increased risk for cancer (see DNA repair-deficiency disorder).
Overview of signal transduction pathways involved in apoptosis. Cell death is the event of a biological cell ceasing to carry out its functions. This may be the result of the natural process of old cells dying and being replaced by new ones, as in programmed cell death, or may result from factors such as diseases, localized injury, or the death of the organism of which the cells are part.
Nucleotide excision repair is a DNA repair mechanism. [2] DNA damage occurs constantly because of chemicals (e.g. intercalating agents), radiation and other mutagens. Three excision repair pathways exist to repair single stranded DNA damage: Nucleotide excision repair (NER), base excision repair (BER), and DNA mismatch repair (MMR).
Cell death occurs when the severity of the injury exceeds the cell's ability to repair itself. [26] Cell death is relative to both the length of exposure to a harmful stimulus and the severity of the damage caused. [25]