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The legions of the Roman Republic and Empire had a fairly standardised dress and armour, particularly from approximately the early to mid 1st century onward, when Lorica Segmentata (segmented armour) was introduced. [1] However the lack of unified production for the Roman army meant that there were still considerable differences in detail.
The lorica segmentata (Latin pronunciation: [ɫoːˈriːka]), also called lorica lamminata, or banded armour is a type of personal armour that was used by soldiers of the Roman army, consisting of metal strips fashioned into circular bands, fastened to internal leather straps.
Roman scale armour fragment Detail of a fragment. Each plate has six holes and the scales are linked in rows. Only the lower most holes are visible on most scales, while a few show the pair above and the ring fastener passing through them. Lorica squamata was a type of scale armour used during the Roman Republic and at later periods. It was ...
It is unclear if limb armor described by the 6th century author Procopius and in the early 7th century Strategikon refers to such segmented arm armor, as splinted vambraces and greaves are described in the latter text which had come into Roman use well before this time, alongside long-sleeved mail armor. [21]
Reconstruction of a Roman legionary. The lorica hamata (in Latin with normal elision: [loːr̺iːk‿(h)aːmaːt̪a]) is a type of mail armor used by soldiers [1] for over 600 years (3rd century BC to 4th century AD) from the Roman Republic to the Roman Empire. [2]
Scale armour is armour in which the individual scales are sewn or laced to a backing by one or more edges and arranged in overlapping rows resembling the scales of a fish/reptile or roofing tiles. [3] The scales are usually assembled and strapped by lacing or rivets. Lorica squamata is an ancient Roman armour of this type. [1]
Roman military equipment (cf. Roman military personal equipment), particularly armor, was of better quality and far more ubiquitous, especially in the late Republican and Early Imperial era, than that of most of their opponents. Soldiers equipped with shields, helmets and highly effective body armor had a major advantage over warriors protected ...
In the former, the soldiers carried a round shield, which the Romans called a clipeus. In the latter, they used the scutum , which was larger. Originally, it was oblong and convex, but by the first century BC, it had developed into the rectangular, semi-cylindrical shield that is popularly associated with the scutum in modern times.