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A wallpaper group (or plane symmetry group or plane crystallographic group) is a mathematical classification of a two-dimensional repetitive pattern, based on the symmetries in the pattern. Such patterns occur frequently in architecture and decorative art , especially in textiles , tiles , and wallpaper .
The 17 wallpaper groups, with finite fundamental domains, are given by International notation, orbifold notation, and Coxeter notation, classified by the 5 Bravais lattices in the plane: square, oblique (parallelogrammatic), hexagonal (equilateral triangular), rectangular (centered rhombic), and rhombic (centered rectangular).
Geometric symmetry is a book by mathematician E.H. Lockwood and design engineer R.H. Macmillan published by Cambridge University Press in 1978. The subject matter of the book is symmetry and geometry .
A tiling that lacks a repeating pattern is called "non-periodic". An aperiodic tiling uses a small set of tile shapes that cannot form a repeating pattern (an aperiodic set of prototiles). A tessellation of space, also known as a space filling or honeycomb, can be defined in the geometry of higher dimensions.
A wallpaper group or plane symmetry group or plane crystallographic group is a mathematical classification of a two-dimensional repetitive pattern, based on the symmetries in the pattern. Such patterns occur frequently in architecture and decorative art. There are 17 possible distinct groups.
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For the other 11 wallpaper groups, each isometry group is mapped to one of the point groups of the types D 1, D 2, D 3, or D 4. Also five frieze groups correspond to D 1 and D 2 . For a given hexagonal translation lattice there are two different groups D 3 , giving rise to P31m and p3m1.
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