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The Quaternary (/ k w ə ˈ t ɜːr n ə r i, ˈ k w ɒ t ər n ɛr i / kwə-TUR-nə-ree, KWOT-ər-nerr-ee) is the current and most recent of the three periods of the Cenozoic Era in the geologic time scale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), as well as the current and most recent of the twelve periods of the Phanerozoic eon. [3]
Quaternary animals of Oceania (6 C, 1 P) Quaternary animals of South America (4 C, 5 P) I. Quaternary invertebrates (4 C, 1 P) Q. Pleistocene animals (8 C, 3 P) V.
The extinction's extreme bias towards larger animals further supports a relationship with human activity rather than climate change. [150] There is evidence that the average size of mammalian fauna declined over the course of the Quaternary, [151] a phenomenon that was likely linked to disproportionate hunting of large animals by humans. [5]
The Quaternary spans from 2.58 million years ago to present day, and is the shortest geological period in the Phanerozoic Eon. It features modern animals, and dramatic changes in the climate. It is divided into two epochs: the Pleistocene and the Holocene. Megafauna of Pleistocene Europe (mammoths, cave lions, woolly rhino, reindeer, horses)
Index fossils must have a short vertical range, wide geographic distribution and rapid evolutionary trends. Another term, "zone fossil", is used when the fossil has all the characters stated above except wide geographical distribution; thus, they correlate the surrounding rock to a biozone rather than a specific time period.
Quaternary science is a field of study which involves geography, biology, chemistry, and physics. [4] Its focus is during the Quaternary Period – a time period that started around 2.58 million years ago and which continues to the present day. [1] Earth has been affected by the events that occurred during the Quaternary Period – a time of ...
Late Quaternary prehistoric birds are avian taxa that became extinct during the Late Quaternary – the Late Pleistocene or Early Holocene – and before recorded history, specifically before they could be studied alive by ornithological science. They had died out before the period of global scientific exploration that started in the late 15th ...
The top of the Piacenzian (the base of the Quaternary System and the Pleistocene Series) is defined magnetostratigraphically as the base of the Matuyama (C2r) chronozone (at the Gauss-Matuyama reversal), and isotopic stage 103.