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This list includes well-known general theories in science and pre-scientific natural philosophy and natural history that have since been superseded by other scientific theories. Many discarded explanations were once supported by a scientific consensus , but replaced after more empirical information became available that identified flaws and ...
Theories and laws are also distinct from hypotheses. Unlike hypotheses, theories and laws may be simply referred to as scientific fact. [39] [40] However, in science, theories are different from facts even when they are well supported. [41] For example, evolution is both a theory and a fact. [5]
Multiple discoveries in the history of science provide evidence for evolutionary models of science and technology, such as memetics (the study of self-replicating units of culture), evolutionary epistemology (which applies the concepts of biological evolution to study of the growth of human knowledge), and cultural selection theory (which studies sociological and cultural evolution in a ...
Political science theories (14 C, 67 P) Psychological theories (15 C, 206 P) S. Sociological theories (20 C, 248 P) Solar System dynamic theories (4 C, 24 P)
This timeline lists significant discoveries in physics and the laws of nature, including experimental discoveries, theoretical proposals that were confirmed experimentally, and theories that have significantly influenced current thinking in modern physics. Such discoveries are often a multi-step, multi-person process.
This article is a list of notable unsolved problems in astronomy.Problems may be theoretical or experimental. Theoretical problems result from inability of current theories to explain observed phenomena or experimental results.
psychophysics, the science of physical relations in psychology; quantum computing, the study of quantum-mechanical computation systems; sociophysics or social physics, is a field of science which uses mathematical tools inspired by physics to understand the behaviour of human crowds
1267: Roger Bacon publishes his Opus Majus, compiling translated Classical Greek, and Arabic works on mathematics, optics, and alchemy into a volume, and details his methods for evaluating the theories, particularly those of Ptolemy's 2nd century Optics, and his findings on the production of lenses, asserting “theories supplied by reason ...