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Arthrodontous capsule of the moss Dicranella varia Peristome of Bryum capillare. In mosses, the peristome is a specialized structure in the sporangium that allows for gradual spore discharge, instead of releasing them all at once.
Chloroplasts (green discs) and accumulated starch granules in cells of Bryum capillare. Botanically, mosses are non-vascular plants in the land plant division Bryophyta. They are usually small (a few centimeters tall) herbaceous (non-woody) plants that absorb water and nutrients mainly through their leaves and harvest carbon dioxide and sunlight to create food by photosynthesis.
The Bryopsida constitute the largest class of mosses, containing 95% of all moss species.It consists of approximately 11,500 species, common throughout the whole world. The group is distinguished by having spore capsules with teeth that are arthrodontous; the teeth are separate from each other and jointed at the base where they attach to the opening of the capsule. [2]
Polytrichum commune (also known as common haircap, [2] great golden maidenhair, [2] great goldilocks, [2] common haircap moss, or common hair moss) is a species of moss found in many regions with high humidity and rainfall. The species can be exceptionally tall for a moss with stems often exceeding 30 cm (12 in) and rarely reaching 70 cm (27.5 ...
Moss sporangia (the capsule and the stalk/seta make up the diploid asexual sporophyte generation) [6] In mosses, liverworts and hornworts, an unbranched sporophyte produces a single sporangium, which may be quite complex morphologically.
In hornworts, the meristem starts at the base where the foot ends, and the division of cells pushes the sporophyte body upwards. In mosses, the meristem is located between the capsule and the top of the stalk (seta), and produces cells downward, elongating the stalk and elevating the capsule.
Funaria hygrometrica is called “cord moss” because of the twisted seta which is very hygroscopic and untwists when moist. The name is derived from the Latin word “funis”, meaning "a rope". In funaria root like structures called rhizoids are present. [2] Capsules are abundant with the moss surviving as spore when conditions are not suitable.
The capsule lacks the peristome teeth and operculum of other mosses, and opens by splitting along 4 vertical slits, the four valves remaining joined at the base and apex. The capsule of Andreaea has no seta , but the sporophyte ( Spf in the diagram below) instead is supported by a pseudopodium ( ps ) derived from gametophyte tissue, as in ...