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Topical fluorides are fluoride-containing drugs indicated in prevention and treatment of dental caries, particularly in children's primary dentitions. [1] The dental-protecting property of topical fluoride can be attributed to multiple mechanisms of action, including the promotion of remineralization of decalcified enamel, the inhibition of the cariogenic microbial metabolism in dental plaque ...
The use of fluoride supplements during the last six months of pregnancy has no significant impact on the incidence of fluorosis in children. [16] Optimal water fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries increases the prevalence of dental fluorosis by 4 to 5%. [13] The observed effects are mild to moderate, usually of minimal aesthetic ...
Dental fluorosis is a common [2] disorder, characterized by hypocalcification of tooth enamel caused by ingestion of excessive fluoride during enamel formation. [3] [needs update] It appears as a range of visual changes in enamel [4] causing degrees of intrinsic tooth discoloration, and, in some cases, physical damage to the teeth.
Dental caries Fluoride or fluorine deficiency is a disorder which may cause increased dental caries [ 1 ] and possibly osteoporosis , [ 2 ] [ 3 ] due to a lack of fluoride in diet. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Common dietary sources of fluoride include tea, grape juice, wine, raisins, some seafood, coffee, and tap water that has been fluoridated . [ 6 ]
Dental fluorosis occurs due to excessive ingestion of fluoride or overexposure to fluoride during the development of enamel which usually occurs between the ages of one and four. Fluoridated drinking water , fluoride supplements , topical fluoride (fluoride toothpastes), and formula prescribed for children can increase the risk of dental fluorosis.
In April 2015, recommended fluoride levels in the United States were changed to 0.7 ppm from 0.7–1.2 ppm to reduce the risk of dental fluorosis. [62] The 2015 Cochrane review estimated that for a fluoride level of 0.7 ppm the percentage of participants with fluorosis of aesthetic concern was approximately 12%. [ 10 ]