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Analogous orthographic conventions find occasional use in English, which, being more familiar, help in understanding okurigana. As an inflection example, when writing Xing for cross-ing, as in Ped Xing (pedestrian crossing), the -ing is a verb suffix, while cross is the dictionary form of the verb – in this case cross is the reading of the character X, while -ing is analogous to okurigana.
The 1484 Onkochishinsho (温故知新書) was the first Japanese dictionary to collate words in gojūon rather than conventional iroha order. This Muromachi reference work enters about 13,000 words, first by pronunciation and then by 12 subject classifications.
Historically, some kokuji date back to very early Japanese writing, being found in the Man'yōshū, for example— 鰯 iwashi "sardine" dates to the Nara period (8th century)—while they have continued to be created as late as the late 19th century, when a number of characters were coined in the Meiji era for new scientific concepts.
The Nihon Kokugo Daijiten (日本国語大辞典), also known as the Nikkoku (日国) and in English as Shogakukan's Unabridged Dictionary of the Japanese Language, is the largest Japanese language dictionary published. [1] In the period from 1972 to 1976, Shogakukan published the 20-volume first edition.
The list is sorted by Japanese reading (on'yomi in katakana, then kun'yomi in hiragana), in accordance with the ordering in the official Jōyō table. This list does not include characters that were present in older versions of the list but have since been removed ( 勺 , 銑 , 脹 , 錘 , 匁 ).
Kōjien 7th edition (2018) displayed at a bookstore in Tokyo Kōjien 2nd edition (1969). Kōjien (Japanese: 広辞苑, lit."Wide garden of words") is a single-volume Japanese dictionary first published by Iwanami Shoten in 1955.
The Japanese translator Tom Gally (1999) criticizes the Nihongo Daijiten in comparison with the Kōjien, Daijirin, and Daijisen. [2] Though subtitled in English "The Great Japanese Dictionary," this dictionary is, in my opinion, the least great of the four large single-volume kokugo dictionaries described here. With its many color pictures ...
The underlying word for jukujikun is a native Japanese word or foreign borrowing, which either does not have an existing kanji spelling (either kun'yomi or ateji) or for which a new kanji spelling is produced. Most often the word is a noun, which may be a simple noun (not a compound or derived from a verb), or may be a verb form or a fusional ...