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Black-box testing, sometimes referred to as specification-based testing, [1] is a method of software testing that examines the functionality of an application without peering into its internal structures or workings. This method of test can be applied virtually to every level of software testing: unit, integration, system and acceptance.
Black box testing can be used to any level of testing although usually not at the unit level. [33] Component interface testing. Component interface testing is a variation of black-box testing, with the focus on the data values beyond just the related actions of a subsystem component. [41]
This article discusses a set of tactics useful in software testing.It is intended as a comprehensive list of tactical approaches to software quality assurance (more widely colloquially known as quality assurance (traditionally called by the acronym "QA")) and general application of the test method (usually just called "testing" or sometimes "developer testing").
Generally, functional testing is black-box meaning the internal program structure is ignored (unlike for white-box testing). [1] Functional testing can evaluate compliance to functional requirements. [2] Sometimes, functional testing is a quality assurance (QA) process. [3] Functional testing differs from acceptance testing.
A developed black box model is a validated model when black-box testing methods [10] ensures that it is, based solely on observable elements. With back testing, out of time data is always used when testing the black box model. Data has to be written down before it is pulled for black box inputs.
The CTM is a black-box testing method and supports any type of system under test. This includes (but is not limited to) hardware systems , integrated hardware-software systems, plain software systems , including embedded software , user interfaces , operating systems , parsers , and others (or subsystems of mentioned systems).
Gray-box testing is suited for functional or business domain testing. Functional testing is done basically a test of user interactions with may be external systems. Gray-box testing is well-suited for functional testing due to its characteristics; it also helps to confirm that software meets the requirements defined for the software. [14] [15 ...
Exploratory testing is an approach to software testing that is concisely described as simultaneous learning, test design and test execution. Cem Kaner, who coined the term in 1984, [1] defines exploratory testing as "a style of software testing that emphasizes the personal freedom and responsibility of the individual tester to continually optimize the quality of his/her work by treating test ...