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2. Ceramic heater - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramic_heater

   A ceramic heater as a consumer product is a space heater that generates heat using a heating element of ceramic with a positive temperature coefficient (PTC). [1] [2] [failed verification] Ceramic heaters are usually portable and typically used for heating a room or small office, and are of similar utility to metal-element fan heaters.

3. Energy factor - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_factor

   The energy factor metric only applies to residential water heaters, which are currently defined by fuel, type, and input capacity. [5] Generally, the EF number represents the thermal efficiency of the water heater as a percentage, since it is an average of the ratio of the theoretical heat required to raise the temperature of water drawn to the amount of energy actually consumed by the water ...

4. Infrared heater - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_heater

   This means that emission from medium-wave or carbon infrared heaters is much better absorbed by water and water-based coatings than NIR or short-wave infrared radiation. The same is true for many plastics like PVC or polyethylene. Their peak absorption is around 3.5 μm. On the other hand, some metals absorb only in the short-wave range and ...

5. Thermal efficiency - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_efficiency

   Therefore, heat pumps can be a more efficient way of heating than simply converting the input work into heat, as in an electric heater or furnace. Since they are heat engines, these devices are also limited by Carnot's theorem. The limiting value of the Carnot 'efficiency' for these processes, with the equality theoretically achievable only ...

6. Water heating - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_heating

   Heat from the space-heating boiler is transferred to the water heater vessel/container by means of a heat exchanger, and the boiler operates at a higher temperature than the potable hot water supply. Most potable water heaters in North America are completely separate from the space heating units, due to the popularity of HVAC / forced air ...

7. Masonry heater - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masonry_heater

   A classic Scandinavian style round ceramic stove, which fits in the corner of a room, from the porcelaine manufacturer Rörstrand in Stockholm, c. 1900. A masonry heater (also called a masonry stove) is a device for warming an interior space through radiant heating, by capturing the heat from periodic burning of fuel (usually wood), and then radiating the heat at a fairly constant temperature ...