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Chloramphenicol has a broad spectrum of activity and has been effective in treating ocular infections such as conjunctivitis, blepharitis etc. caused by a number of bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. It is not effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
While E. coli BL21(DE3) supports the expression of genes under the control of constitutive promoters, it is specifically engineered for IPTG induction of recombinant genes under the control of a T7 promoter. The realized induction strength depends on several factors, including the IPTG concentration and the timing of its supplementation. [5]
E. coli is a chemoheterotroph whose chemically defined medium must include a source of carbon and energy. [16] E. coli is the most widely studied prokaryotic model organism, and an important species in the fields of biotechnology and microbiology, where it has served as the host organism for the majority of work with recombinant DNA. Under ...
Agar dilution is one of two methods (along with broth dilution) used by researchers to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics. It is the dilution method most frequently used to test the effectiveness of new antibiotics when a few antibiotics are tested against a large panel of different bacteria. [1]: 149 [2]
Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (or CAT) is a bacterial enzyme (EC 2.3.1.28) [1] that detoxifies the antibiotic chloramphenicol and is responsible for chloramphenicol resistance in bacteria. [2] This enzyme covalently attaches an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to chloramphenicol, which prevents chloramphenicol from binding to ribosomes .
Modified E. coli have been used in vaccine development, bioremediation, and production of immobilised enzymes. [25] E. coli have been used successfully to produce proteins previously thought difficult or impossible in E. coli, such as those containing multiple disulfide bonds or those requiring post-translational modification for
[100] On 26 May 2016, an E. coli "superbug" was identified in the United States resistant to colistin, "the last line of defence" antibiotic. [ 101 ] [ 102 ] In recent years, even anaerobic bacteria, historically considered less concerning in terms of resistance, have demonstrated high rates of antibiotic resistance, particularly Bacteroides ...
pBR322 is a plasmid and was one of the first widely used E. coli cloning vectors. Created in 1977 in the laboratory of Herbert Boyer at the University of California, San Francisco, it was named after Francisco Bolivar Zapata, the postdoctoral researcher and Raymond L. Rodriguez. The p stands for "plasmid," and BR for "Bolivar" and "Rodriguez."