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An ejection fraction (EF) is the volumetric fraction (or portion of the total) of fluid (usually blood) ejected from a chamber (usually the heart) with each contraction (or heartbeat). It can refer to the cardiac atrium, [1] cardiac ventricle, [2] gall bladder, [3] or leg veins, [4] although if unspecified it usually refers to the left ...
A standard fatty meal (usually a high fat milk shake) is then given and more imaging is performed for another hour so that the response to the fatty meal by the gall bladder can be shown. The gall bladder should respond and begin emptying into the duodenum, the amount of bile ejected can then be calculated as an ejection fraction (EF).
Cholecystectomy is the surgical removal of the gallbladder.Cholecystectomy is a common treatment of symptomatic gallstones and other gallbladder conditions. [1] In 2011, cholecystectomy was the eighth most common operating room procedure performed in hospitals in the United States. [2]
Postcholecystectomy syndrome (PCS) describes the presence of abdominal symptoms after a cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal). Symptoms occur in about 5 to 40 percent of patients who undergo cholecystectomy, [1] and can be transient, persistent or lifelong. [2] [3] The chronic condition is diagnosed in approximately 10% of postcholecystectomy ...
Gallbladder diseases are diseases involving the gallbladder and is closely linked to biliary disease, with the most common cause being gallstones (cholelithiasis). [1] [2]The gallbladder is designed to aid in the digestion of fats by concentrating and storing the bile made in the liver and transferring it through the biliary tract to the digestive system through bile ducts that connect the ...
[5] [11] They are recommended if surgery cannot occur in a timely manner or if the case is complicated. [5] Stones in the common bile duct can be removed before surgery by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or during surgery. [7] Complications from surgery are rare. [4] In people unable to have surgery, gallbladder drainage ...
Surgery is typically done under general anesthesia. [1] In those who are unable to have surgery, medication to try to dissolve the stones or shock wave lithotripsy may be tried. [1] As of 2017, it is not clear whether surgery is indicated for everyone with biliary colic. [6] In the developed world, 10 to 15% of adults have gallstones. [3]
Only about 25 to 40% of bile duct injuries are detected intraoperatively. A biliary stricture, leak, or obstruction may be the injury's outward manifestation. A history of gallbladder empyema or gangrenous cholecystitis as reasons for cholecystectomy should raise the possibility of biliary injury. If the bile duct injury is not recognized right ...