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The Columbia River Basalt Group (including the Steen and Picture Gorge basalts) extends over portions of four states. The Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) is the youngest, smallest and one of the best-preserved continental flood basalt provinces on Earth, covering over 210,000 km 2 (81,000 sq mi) mainly eastern Oregon and Washington, western Idaho, and part of northern Nevada. [1]
Columbia: 17~6 Pacific Ocean: Between 17 million and 6 million years ago, huge outpourings of flood basalt lava covered the Columbia River Plateau and forced the lower Columbia into its present course. [16] Amazon: 11.8~11.3 Atlantic Ocean: Waters worked through the sandstone from the west and the Amazon began to flow eastward. [17]
The Ringold Formation represents sand and gravel placed by the Columbia River between 9 and 3 million years ago. These deposits overlay cooled lava erupted as part of the Columbia River Basalt Group, a type of volcanic eruption known as flood basalts erupting from fissures across eastern Washington and Oregon that were unrelated to the Cascade Range. [11]
As the water emerged from the Columbia River gorge, it backed up again at the 1 mile (1.6 km) wide narrows near Kalama, Washington. Some temporary lakes rose to an elevation of more than 400 ft (120 m), flooding the Willamette Valley to Eugene, Oregon and beyond.
The Columbia River (Upper ... of flood basalt lava covered the Columbia River Plateau and forced the ... catastrophic floods toward the end of the last ice age.
The Columbia Plateau is an important geologic and geographic region that lies across parts of the U.S. states of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. [1] It is a wide flood basalt plateau between the Cascade Range and the Rocky Mountains , cut through by the Columbia River .
Columbia River Basin. Wallula Gap (/ w ə ˈ l uː l ə /) is a large water gap of the Columbia River in the Northwestern United States, in Southeastern Washington.It cuts through the Horse Heaven Hills basalt anticlines in the Columbia River Basin, just south of the confluence of the Walla Walla and Columbia rivers.
The earliest Snake River Plain eruptions began about 15 million years ago, just as the tremendous early eruptions of Columbia River Basalt were ending. But most of the Snake River Plain volcanic rock is less than a few million years old, Pliocene age (5–1.6 million years ago) and younger. [8]