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A description of the projective geometry can be constructed in the geometric algebra using basic operations. For example, given two distinct points in RP n−1 represented by vectors a and b the line containing them is given by a ∧ b (or b ∧ a). Two lines intersect in a point if A ∧ B = 0 for their bivectors A and B. This point is given ...
Some r-vectors are scalars (r = 0), vectors (r = 1) and bivectors (r = 2). One may generate a finite-dimensional GA by choosing a unit pseudoscalar (I). The set of all vectors that satisfy = is a vector space. The geometric product of the vectors in this vector space then defines the GA, of which I is a member.
In the study of geometric algebras, a k-blade or a simple k-vector is a generalization of the concept of scalars and vectors to include simple bivectors, trivectors, etc. Specifically, a k-blade is a k-vector that can be expressed as the exterior product (informally wedge product) of 1-vectors, and is of grade k. In detail: [1] A 0-blade is a ...
In mathematics, a biorthogonal system is a pair of indexed families of vectors ~ ~ such that ~, ~ =,, where and form a pair of topological vector spaces that are in duality, , is a bilinear mapping and , is the Kronecker delta.
A space curve; the vectors T, N, B; and the osculating plane spanned by T and N. In differential geometry, the Frenet–Serret formulas describe the kinematic properties of a particle moving along a differentiable curve in three-dimensional Euclidean space, or the geometric properties of the curve itself irrespective of any motion.
Vertical and horizontal subspaces for the Möbius strip. The Möbius strip is a line bundle over the circle, and the circle can be pictured as the middle ring of the strip. . At each point on the strip, the projection map projects it towards the middle ring, and the fiber is perpendicular to the middle ri
The tangent vectors e 1 and e 2 of a frame on M define smooth functions from E with values in R 3, so each gives a 3-vector of functions and in particular de 1 is a 3-vector of 1-forms on E. The connection form is given by
Plane-based GA usually handles the (3D version of) the middle case here. But we instead choose to have a basis element squaring to 1 or −1 instead of 0, euclidean geometry can be changed to spherical or hyperbolic geometry. In these systems, the points, planes, and lines have the same coordinates that they have in plane-based GA.