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The foot-poundal (symbol: ft-pdl) is a unit of energy, introduced in 1879, that is part of the Absolute English system of units, which itself is a coherent subsystem of the foot–pound–second system. [1] The foot-poundal is equal to 1/32.174049 that of the more commonly used foot-pound force.
The kezayit is, by different sources, considered equal to 1 ⁄ 2 a beitza, 1 ⁄ 3 of a beitza, or not directly related to the other units of volume. The omer, which the Torah mentions as being equal to one-tenth of an ephah, [30] is equivalent to the capacity of 43.2 eggs, or what is also known as one-tenth of three seahs. [31]
The poundal (symbol: pdl) is a unit of force, introduced in 1877, that is part of the Absolute English system of units, [citation needed] which itself is a coherent subsystem of the foot–pound–second system.
Systems of measure either define mass and derive a force unit or define a base force and derive a mass unit [1] (cf. poundal, a derived unit of force in a mass-based system). A slug is defined as a mass that is accelerated by 1 ft/s 2 when a net force of one pound (lbf) is exerted on it. [2]
Both energy and torque can be expressed as a product of a force vector with a displacement vector (hence pounds and feet); energy is the scalar product of the two, and torque is the vector product. Although calling the torque unit "pound-foot" has been academically suggested, both are still commonly called "foot-pound" in colloquial usage.
The candle and the foot-candle were the first defined units of light, defined in the Metropolitan Gas Act (1860). [8] The foot-candle is the intensity of light at one foot from a standard candle. The units were internationally recognized in 1881, and adopted into the metric system. [9]
The se'ah or seah (Hebrew: סאה sə’āh), plural se'im, is a unit of dry measure of ancient origin found in the Bible and in Halakha (Jewish law), which equals one third of an ephah, or bath. In layman's terms, it is equal to the capacity of 144 medium-sized eggs, or what is equal in volume to about 9 US quarts (8.5 litres). [1]
It is used in the Bible as an ancient unit of volume for grains and dry commodities, and the Torah mentions it as being equal to one tenth of an ephah. [2] According to the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906), an ephah was defined as being 72 logs , and the Log was equal to the Sumerian mina , which was itself defined as one sixtieth of a maris ; [ 3 ...