Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
In electronics and electromagnetics, slew rate is defined as the change of voltage or current, or any other electrical or electromagnetic quantity, per unit of time. Expressed in SI units , the unit of measurement is given as the change per second, but in the context of electronic circuits a slew rate is usually expressed in terms of ...
Tay, Mareels and Moore (1998) defined settling time as "the time required for the response curve to reach and stay within a range of certain percentage (usually 5% or 2%) of the final value." [ 2 ] Mathematical detail
For applications in control theory, according to Levine (1996, p. 158), rise time is defined as "the time required for the response to rise from x% to y% of its final value", with 0% to 100% rise time common for underdamped second order systems, 5% to 95% for critically damped and 10% to 90% for overdamped ones. [6]
Figure 3: Step-response of a linear two-pole feedback amplifier; time is in units of 1/ρ, that is, in terms of the time constants of A OL; curves are plotted for three values of mu = μ, which is controlled by β. Figure 3 shows the time response to a unit step input for three values of the parameter μ.
The formula is not exact however, as many modern chips are not implemented using 100% CMOS, but also use special memory circuits, dynamic logic such as domino logic, etc. Moreover, there is also a static leakage current , which has become more and more accentuated as feature sizes have become smaller (below 90 nanometres) and threshold levels ...
Propagation delay is equal to d / s where d is the distance and s is the wave propagation speed. In wireless communication, s=c, i.e. the speed of light. In copper wire, the speed s generally ranges from .59c to .77c. [3] [4] This delay is the major obstacle in the development of high-speed computers and is called the interconnect bottleneck in ...
Modern high-speed op amps can have slew rates in excess of 5,000 V per microsecond. However, it is more common for op amps to have slew rates in the range 5–100 V per microsecond. For example, the general purpose TL081 op amp has a slew rate of 13 V per microsecond. As a general rule, low power and small bandwidth op amps have low slew rates.
Many otherwise good power amplifier designs have been found to have inadequate slew rates, by modern standards. In loudspeakers, transient response performance is affected by the mass and resonances of drivers and enclosures and by group delay and phase delay introduced by crossover filtering or inadequate time alignment of the loudspeaker's ...