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Dionysus, Greek god of wine, usually identified with the Roman Bacchus. Du Kang, Chinese Sage of wine. Inventor of wine and patron to the alcohol industry. Hathor, Egyptian goddess of love, passion, wine, and drunkenness. Inari, Shinto goddess of sake. Li Bai, Chinese god of wine and sage of poetry. Liber, a Roman god of wine.
In ancient Roman religion and mythology, Liber (/ ˈ l aɪ b ər / LY-bər, Latin:; "the free one"), also known as Liber Pater ("the free Father"), was a god of viticulture and wine, male fertility and freedom. He was a patron deity of Rome's plebeians and was part of their Aventine Triad.
Bromios Βρόμιος ("roaring", as of the wind, primarily relating to the central death/resurrection element of the myth, [50] but also the god's transformations into lion and bull, [51] and the boisterousness of those who drink alcohol. Also cognate with the "roar of thunder", which refers to Dionysus' father, Zeus "the thunderer".
A Roman statue of Bacchus, god of wine (c. 150 AD, copied from a Hellenistic original, Prado Museum, Madrid).. Ancient Rome played a pivotal role in the history of wine.The earliest influences on the viticulture of the Italian Peninsula can be traced to ancient Greeks and the Etruscans.
In ancient Roman religion, the libation was a religious act in the form of a liquid offering, most often unmixed wine and perfumed oil. [26] The Roman god Liber Pater ("Father Liber"), later identified with the Greek Dionysus or Bacchus, was the divinity of libamina, "libations," and liba, sacrificial cakes drizzled with honey. [27] [1] [28]
The Roman deities most widely known today are those the Romans identified with Greek counterparts, integrating Greek myths, iconography, and sometimes religious practices into Roman culture, including Latin literature, Roman art, and religious life as it was experienced throughout the Roman Empire. Many of the Romans' own gods remain obscure ...
[9] [10] They held that both the Bible and Christian tradition taught that alcohol is a gift from God that makes life more joyous, but that over-indulgence leading to drunkenness is sinful or at least a vice. [11] [12] However, the attempt has often been made to prove that the wine referred to in the Bible was non-alcoholic.
The Bacchanalia were Roman festivals of Bacchus, the Greco-Roman god of wine, freedom, intoxication and ecstasy. They were based on the Greek Dionysia and the Dionysian Mysteries, and probably arrived in Rome c. 200 BC via the Greek colonies in southern Italy, and from Etruria, Rome's northern neighbour.