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Pitman shorthand is a system of shorthand for the English language developed by Englishman Sir Isaac Pitman (1813–1897), who first presented it in 1837. [1] Like most systems of shorthand, it is a phonetic system; the symbols do not represent letters, but rather sounds, and words are, for the most part, written as they are spoken.
Gregg Shorthand Alphabet, with letters and words from Esperanto. Gregg shorthand is a system of phonography, or a phonemic writing system, which means it records the sounds of the speaker, not the English spelling. [4] For example, it uses the f stroke for the / f / sound in funnel, telephone, and laugh, [8] and omits all silent letters. [4]
Another English shorthand system creator of the 17th century was William Mason (fl. 1672–1709) who published Arts Advancement in 1682. Tombstone of Heinrich Roller, inventor of a German shorthand system, with a sample of his shorthand. Modern-looking geometric shorthand was introduced with John Byrom's New Universal Shorthand of 1720.
English: Also called ABC shorthand. Michela Shorthand [45] 1862: Antonio Michela Zucco: Italian: Used in the Italian Senate and the Regional Council of Piedmont. Moat's Short-hand Standard [46] 1833: Thomas Moat: English: Munson Shorthand [47] 1867: James Eugene Munson: English: National Simplex Shorthand [48] 1919: Rev. Percival Hubert Chase ...
Grammatical abbreviations are generally written in full or small caps to visually distinguish them from the translations of lexical words. For instance, capital or small-cap PAST (frequently abbreviated to PST) glosses a grammatical past-tense morpheme, while lower-case 'past' would be a literal translation of a word with that meaning.
Thomas Natural Shorthand is an English shorthand system created by Charles A. Thomas which was first published in 1935. [1] Thomas described his system as "designed to meet the existing need for a simple, legible shorthand that is based on already familiar writing lines, and that is written with a minimum number of rules."