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Benzenesulfonic acid (conjugate base benzenesulfonate) is an organosulfur compound with the formula C 6 H 6 O 3 S. It is the simplest aromatic sulfonic acid . It forms white deliquescent sheet crystals or a white waxy solid that is soluble in water and ethanol , slightly soluble in benzene and insoluble in nonpolar solvents like diethyl ether .
Sodium benzenesulfonate is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 5 SO 3 Na.It is white, water-soluble solid, It is produced by the neutralization benzenesulfonic acid with sodium hydroxide.
An early method for producing phenol involved the base hydrolysis of sodium benzenesulfonate, which can be generated readily from benzene. [15] C 6 H 5 SO 3 Na + NaOH → C 6 H 5 OH + Na 2 SO 3. The conditions for this reaction are harsh, however, requiring 'fused alkali' or molten sodium hydroxide at 350 °C for benzenesulfonic acid itself. [16]
In the most common route benzene is alkylated by long chain monoalkenes (e.g. dodecene) using hydrogen fluoride as a catalyst. [9] The purified dodecylbenzenes (and related derivatives) are then sulfonated with sulfur trioxide to give the sulfonic acid. [10] The sulfonic acid is subsequently neutralized with sodium hydroxide. [1]
This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture.
The compound is prepared by the chlorsulfonation of benzene: C 6 H 6 + 2SHO 3 SCl → C 6 H 5 SO 2 Cl + HCl + SO 3. Benzenesulfonic acid is an intermediate in this conversion. Diphenylsulfone is a side product. Benzenesulfonyl chloride can also be prepared by treating benzenesulfonate salts with phosphorus oxychloride. [2]
2 Al + 2 NaOH + 6 H 2 O → 2 Na[Al(OH) 4] + 3 H 2. The formation of sodium aluminate (Na[Al(OH) 4]) requires that solutions of high concentration of sodium hydroxide be used to avoid the formation of aluminium hydroxide, which otherwise would precipitate as bayerite. [6] Hence sodium hydroxide solutions with concentrations of up to 5 M are used.
Chlorosulfuric acid is also an effective agent: C 6 H 6 + HSO 3 Cl → C 6 H 5 SO 3 H + HCl. In contrast to aromatic nitration and most other electrophilic aromatic substitutions this reaction is reversible. Sulfonation takes place in concentrated acidic conditions and desulfonation is the mode of action in a dilute hot aqueous acid.