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Torsades de pointes, torsade de pointes or torsades des pointes (TdP; also called torsades) (/ t ɔːr ˌ s ɑː d d ə ˈ p w æ̃ t /, [2] French: [tɔʁsad də pwɛ̃t̪], translated as "twisting of peaks") is a specific type of abnormal heart rhythm that can lead to sudden cardiac death.
François Dessertenne (1917–2006) was a French physician who first described the special type of ventricular tachycardia in 1966 known as Torsades de pointes. In 1948, Dessertenne became the Assistant Professor of Medicine at Hôpital Lariboisière in France, assisting to Prof Yves Bouvrain (1910-2002).
Excessive QT prolongation can trigger tachycardias such as torsades de pointes (TdP). QT prolongation is an established side effect of antiarrhythmics, but can also be caused by a wide range of non-cardiac medicines, including antibiotics, antidepressants, antihistamines, opioids, and complementary medicines.
Early afterdepolarizations can result in torsades de pointes, tachycardia, and other arrhythmias. [3] EADs can be triggered by hypokalemia and drugs that prolong the QT interval, including class Ia and III antiarrhythmic agents, as well as catecholamines. [1] Afterhyperpolarizations can also occur in cortical pyramidal neurons.
Torsades de pointes is the most serious side effect of dofetilide therapy. The incidence of torsades de pointes is 0.3-10.5% and is dose-related, with increased incidence associated with higher doses. The majority of episodes of torsades de pointes have occurred within the first three days of initial dosing.
This type of electrical instability puts the person at high risk of torsades de pointes, a specific type of ventricular tachycardia which appears on an EKG (or ECG) as something that looks a bit like a sine wave with a regularly increasing and decreasing amplitude. (Torsades de pointes can cause death unless the person can be medically or ...
Pimozide overdose presents with severe extrapyramidal symptoms, hypotension, sedation, QT interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias including torsades de pointes. [7] Gastric lavage, establishment of a patent airway and, if necessary, mechanically assisted respiration is the recommended treatment for pimozide overdose. [7]
The term ventricular arrhythmia refers to the group of abnormal cardiac rhythms originating from the ventricle, which includes ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and torsades de pointes. [2] In those who have normal blood pressure and strong pulse, the antiarrhythmic medication procainamide may be used. [2]