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The Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (EGIDS), developed by Lewis and Simons (2010), measures a language's status in terms of endangerment or development. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The table below shows the various levels on the scale:
One of the earliest is GIDS (Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale) proposed by Joshua Fishman in 1991. [19] In 2011 an entire issue of Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development was devoted to the study of ethnolinguistic vitality, Vol. 32.2, 2011, with several authors presenting their own tools for measuring language vitality ...
Joshua Fishman (Yiddish: שיקל פֿישמאַן — Shikl Fishman; July 18, 1926 – March 1, 2015) was an American linguist who specialized in the sociology of language, language planning, bilingual education, and language and ethnicity.
a ^ Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (EGIDS) of Ethnologue: 0 (International): "The language is widely used between nations in trade, knowledge exchange, and international policy." 1 (National): "The language is used in education, work, mass media, and government at the national level."
Biblical Songs was written between 5 and 26 March 1894, while Dvořák was living in New York City. It has been suggested that he was prompted to write them by news of a death (of his father Frantisek, or of the composers Tchaikovsky or Gounod, or of the conductor Hans von Bülow); but there is no good evidence for that, and the most likely explanation is that he felt out of place in the ...
On December 28, 1998, the last day of the Otokotachi no Wakare tour, Fishmans would perform their final concert at Akasaka Blitz.While initially intended as a farewell to bassist Yuzuru Kashiwabara, who was departing from the band, it ultimately served as a farewell to frontman Shinji Sato and to Fishmans as a whole, as Sato suddenly died within months, more or less ending the band as they did ...
[1] [27] Subscriptions start at $480 per person per year, [1] while full access costs $2,400 per person per year. [9] Users in low and middle-income countries as defined by the World Bank are eligible for free access and there are discounts for libraries and independent researchers. [ 9 ]
A live performance area on the shore of the Flushing River, surrounded by a 1,250-seat bleacher. [99] Included activities such as jousting, wrestling, axe-throwing, log-rolling, and tree-chopping. [63] [63] [99] Pennsylvania Federal and State — A Liberty Bell replica that operated only during the 1965 season. [100] Texas Lake Amusement [101]