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Pineoblastoma on brain imaging. Pineoblastoma is a malignant tumor of the pineal gland. A pineoblastoma is a supratentorial midline primitive neuroectodermal tumor. [2] Pineoblastoma can present at any age, but is most common in young children. They account for 0.001% of all primary CNS neoplasms. [3]
The term "germinoma" most often refers to a tumor in the brain that has a histology identical to two other tumors, dysgerminoma in the ovary and seminoma in the testis. [3] Since 1994, MeSH has defined germinoma as "a malignant neoplasm of the germinal tissue of the gonads , mediastinum , or pineal region" [ 4 ] and within its scope included ...
Neuro-oncology is the study of brain and spinal cord neoplasms, many of which are (at least eventually) very dangerous and life-threatening (astrocytoma, glioma, glioblastoma multiforme, ependymoma, pontine glioma, and brain stem tumors are among the many examples of these).
Micrograph showing contraction band necrosis, a histopathologic finding of myocardial infarction (heart attack).. Histopathology (compound of three Greek words: ἱστός histos 'tissue', πάθος pathos 'suffering', and -λογία-logia 'study of') is the microscopic examination of tissue in order to study the manifestations of disease.
Some tumors may be difficult to biopsy, such as sarcomas. Other rare tumors may be dangerous to biopsy, such as pheochromocytoma . In general, a fine-needle aspiration can be done anywhere it is safe to put a needle, including liver, lung, kidney, and superficial masses.
Grading in cancer is distinguished from staging, which is a measure of the extent to which the cancer has spread. Pathology grading systems classify the microscopic cell appearance abnormality and deviations in their rate of growth with the goal of predicting developments at tissue level (see also the 4 major histological changes in dysplasia ).
Brain biopsy. HPS stain. The current standard for diagnosis typically includes positive CSF cytology, vitreous biopsy, or brain/leptomeningeal biopsy. [10] Histopathological confirmation is essential for definitive diagnosis. [11] MRI or contrast enhanced CT classically shows multiple ring-enhancing lesions in the deep white matter.
Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA, SGCA, or SGCT) is a low-grade astrocytic brain tumor (astrocytoma) that arises within the ventricles of the brain. [1] It is most commonly associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Although it is a low-grade tumor, its location can potentially obstruct the ventricles and lead to hydrocephalus.