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In 2018, Romania was the third biggest agricultural producer of the EU and produced the largest amount of maize. [3] Agriculture summed up about 4.3% of GDP in 2019, down from 12.6% in 2004. [4] As of 2017, 25.8% of the Romanian workforce is employed in agriculture, compared to an EU average of 4.4%. [5]
The Order of Agricultural Merit was established with the intention of awarding Romanian and Foreign Civilians who made contributions to Agriculture, [1] especially after the Great Depression that Romania was steadily recovering from.
Despite having mineral resources and a state interventionist policy, Romania was not able to change the agricultural character of its economy into an industrial one. [1] 80% of its population was employed in labor-intensive agriculture, which made up 64% of Romania's exports, while only 2% of its exports consisted of manufactured goods. [1]
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Rice production in Romania plays a fairly important role in food supply in Romania and is cultivated largely for domestic consumption but also for exports. [1] As of 2009, Romania cultivated around 12,900 hectares (32,000 acres) of rice fields ranking third in the European Union in terms of rice area. [ 2 ]
[125] [128] [129] Although minorities could establish their own schools, Romanian language, history and geography could only be taught in Romanian. [ 130 ] Agriculture remained the principal sector of economy, but several branches of industry—especially the production of coal, oil, metals, synthetic rubber, explosives and cosmetics ...
The initiative sought to bring about a thorough transformation in the property regime and organization of labor in agriculture. According to some authors, such as US anthropologist David Kideckel, agricultural collectivization was a "response to the objective circumstances" in postwar Romania, rather than an ideologically motivated enterprise. [1]
The word obște is of Slavic origin, its original meaning being "common", referring to the common ownership and usage of the fields. Nevertheless, the organization system predates the Slavic contact, previously the word for community being cătun (cognate with Albanian katund), a word that changed its meaning in modern Romanian into "hamlet" or "mountain village".