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Two children at a playground talking and demonstrating a positive attitude. An attitude "is a summary evaluation of an object of thought. An attitude object can be anything a person discriminates or holds in mind". [1]: 13 Attitudes include beliefs , emotional responses and behavioral tendencies (intentions, motivations). In the classical ...
Agents' emotions can have effects on four broad sets of factors: Emotions of other persons; Inferences of other persons; Behaviors of other persons; Interactions and relationships between the agent and other persons. Emotion may affect not only the person at whom it was directed, but also third parties who observe an agent's emotion.
An emotional expression is a behavior that communicates an emotional state or attitude. It can be verbal or nonverbal , and can occur with or without self-awareness . Emotional expressions include facial movements like smiling or scowling , simple behaviors like crying , laughing , or saying " thank you ," and more complex behaviors like ...
Dating back to the 1940s and 1950s, Magda Arnold took an interest in researching the appraisal of emotions accompanying general arousal. Specifically, Arnold wanted to "introduce the idea of emotion differentiation by postulating that emotions such as fear, anger, and excitement could be distinguished by different excitatory phenomena" (Arnold, 1950). [5]
"Ambivalence is a function of the amount of conflict within an attitude, whereas evaluative-cognitive consistency is a function of the magnitude of the difference between evaluations." [22] In a set of dimension scores, for example, positive 5 and negative 5 have the same degree of consistency as does the set of positive 9 and negative 1.
Research on emotions reveals the strong presence of cross-cultural differences in emotional reactions and that emotional reactions are likely to be culture-specific. [138] In strategic settings, cross-cultural research on emotions is required for understanding the psychological situation of a given population or specific actors.
Difference between feeling and emotion [ edit ] The neuroscientist Antonio Damasio distinguishes between emotions and feelings: Emotions are mental images (i.e. representing either internal or external states of reality) and the bodily changes accompanying them, whereas feelings are the perception of bodily changes.
Emotions play a critical role in interpersonal relationships and how people relate to each other. Emotional exchanges can have serious social consequences that can result in either maintaining and enhancing positive relationships or becoming a source of antagonism and discord (Fredrickson, 1998; [34] Gottman & Levenson, 1992). [35]