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A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has a specific number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., a specific atomic number, or Z). [ 1 ] The definitive visualisation of all 118 elements is the periodic table of the elements , whose history along the principles of the periodic law was one of the founding ...
Hydrogen is the element with atomic number 1; helium, atomic number 2; lithium, atomic number 3; and so on. Each of these names can be further abbreviated by a one- or two-letter chemical symbol; those for hydrogen, helium, and lithium are respectively H, He, and Li. [6] Neutrons do not affect the atom's chemical identity, but do affect its weight.
Pages in category "Metallic elements" ... Rare-earth element This page was last edited on 26 September 2014, at 21:25 (UTC). Text is available under the ...
[9]: 6 The nitrate can be thermally decomposed to yield the oxide. [9]: 6 Barium metal is produced by reduction with aluminium at 1,100 °C (2,010 °F). The intermetallic compound BaAl 4 is produced first: [9]: 3 3 BaO + 14 Al → 3 BaAl 4 + Al 2 O 3. BaAl 4 is an intermediate reacted with barium oxide to produce the metal. Note that not all ...
Theodore Gray (2009), The Elements: A Visual Exploration of Every Known Atom in the Universe, Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers, Inc. Sam Kean (2011), The Disappearing Spoon and Other True Tales of Madness, Love, and the History of the World From the Periodic Table of the Elements, Back Bay Books/Little Brown and Company
The perruthenate ion is unstable and is reduced by water to form the orange ruthenate. Potassium ruthenate may be synthesized by reacting ruthenium metal with molten potassium hydroxide and potassium nitrate. [39] Some mixed oxides are also known, such as M II Ru IV O 3, Na 3 Ru V O 4, Na 2 Ru V 2 O 7, and M II 2 Ln III Ru V O 6. [39]
It is the fourth most abundant element in the Earth's crust, being mainly deposited by meteorites in its metallic state. Extracting usable metal from iron ores requires kilns or furnaces capable of reaching 1,500 °C (2,730 °F), about 500 °C (932 °F) higher than that required to smelt copper .
Chromium is the first element in the 3d series where the 3d electrons start to sink into the core; they thus contribute less to metallic bonding, and hence the melting and boiling points and the enthalpy of atomisation of chromium are lower than those of the preceding element vanadium.