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A bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is a type of transistor that uses both electrons and electron holes as charge carriers. In contrast, a unipolar transistor, such as a field-effect transistor (FET), uses only one kind of charge carrier.
The bipolar junction transistor, the first type of transistor to be mass-produced, is a combination of two junction diodes and is formed of either a thin layer of p-type semiconductor sandwiched between two n-type semiconductors (an n–p–n transistor), or a thin layer of n-type semiconductor sandwiched between two p-type semiconductors (a p ...
A heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) is a type of bipolar junction transistor (BJT) that uses different semiconductor materials for the emitter and base regions, creating a heterojunction. The HBT improves on the BJT in that it can handle signals of very high frequencies, up to several hundred GHz .
The introduction of the transistor is often considered one of the most important inventions in history. [1] [2] Transistors are broadly classified into two categories: bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and field-effect transistor (FET). [3] The principle of a field-effect transistor was proposed by Julius Edgar Lilienfeld in 1925. [4]
A multiple-emitter transistor is a specialized bipolar transistor mostly used at the inputs of integrated circuit TTL NAND logic gates. Input signals are applied to the emitters . The voltage presented to the following stage is pulled low if any one or more of the base–emitter junctions is forward biased, allowing logical operations to be ...
The common base current gain (or α) of a point-contact transistor is usually around 2 to 3, [4] whereas α of bipolar junction transistor (BJT) cannot exceed 1. The common emitter current gain (or β) of a point-contact transistor does not usually exceed 1, [4] whereas β of a BJT is typically between 20 and 200. Negative differential ...
The IGBT accounts for 27% of the power transistor market, second only to the power MOSFET (53%), and ahead of the RF amplifier (11%) and bipolar junction transistor (9%). [35] The IGBT is widely used in consumer electronics , industrial technology , the energy sector , aerospace electronic devices, and transportation .
Transistor arrays consist of two or more transistors on a common substrate. Unlike more highly integrated circuits , the transistors can be used individually like discrete transistors. That is, the transistors in the array are not connected to each other to implement a specific function.