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Standard normal table. In statistics, a standard normal table, also called the unit normal table or Z table, [1] is a mathematical table for the values of Φ, the cumulative distribution function of the normal distribution. It is used to find the probability that a statistic is observed below, above, or between values on the standard normal ...
The following table lists values for t distributions with ν degrees of freedom for a range of one-sided or two-sided critical regions. The first column is ν , the percentages along the top are confidence levels α , {\displaystyle \ \alpha \ ,} and the numbers in the body of the table are the t α , n − 1 {\displaystyle t_{\alpha ,n-1 ...
Supercritical ethane, fluid. [1] In thermodynamics, a critical point (or critical state) is the end point of a phase equilibrium curve. One example is the liquid–vapor critical point, the end point of the pressure–temperature curve that designates conditions under which a liquid and its vapor can coexist. At higher temperatures, the gas ...
A two-tailed test applied to the normal distribution. A one-tailed test, showing the p -value as the size of one tail. In statistical significance testing, a one-tailed test and a two-tailed test are alternative ways of computing the statistical significance of a parameter inferred from a data set, in terms of a test statistic.
The term " Z -test" is often used to refer specifically to the one-sample location test comparing the mean of a set of measurements to a given constant when the sample variance is known. For example, if the observed data X1, ..., Xn are (i) independent, (ii) have a common mean μ, and (iii) have a common variance σ 2, then the sample average X ...
That is because Spearman's ρ limits the outlier to the value of its rank. In statistics, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient or Spearman's ρ, named after Charles Spearman [1] and often denoted by the Greek letter (rho) or as , is a nonparametric measure of rank correlation (statistical dependence between the rankings of two variables).
The α-level upper critical value of a probability distribution is the value exceeded with probability , that is, the value such that () =, where is the cumulative distribution function. There are standard notations for the upper critical values of some commonly used distributions in statistics:
A critical mass is a mass of fissile material that self-sustains a fission chain reaction. In this case, known as criticality, k = 1. A steady rate of spontaneous fission causes a proportionally steady level of neutron activity. A supercritical mass is a mass which, once fission has started, will proceed at an increasing rate. [1]