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The peak corresponding to the molecular ion is often, but not always, the base peak. Identification of the molecular ion can be difficult. Examining organic compounds, the relative intensity of the molecular ion peak diminishes with branching and with increasing mass in a homologous series. In the spectrum for toluene for example, the molecular ...
Mass spectrum. Electron ionization mass spectrum of toluene [1]. Note parent peak corresponding to molecular mass M = 92 (C 7 H 8+) and highest peak at M-1 = 91 (C 7 H 7+, quasi-stable tropylium cation). A mass spectrum is a histogram plot of intensity vs. mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) in a chemical sample, [1] usually acquired using an instrument ...
Mass chromatogram. A mass chromatogram is a representation of mass spectrometry data as a chromatogram, where the x-axis represents time and the y-axis represents signal intensity. [1] The source data contains mass information; however, it is not graphically represented in a mass chromatogram in favor of visualizing signal intensity versus time.
Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that is used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. The results are presented as a mass spectrum, a plot of intensity as a function of the mass-to-charge ratio. Mass spectrometry is used in many different fields and is applied to pure samples as well as complex mixtures.
Monoisotopic mass (M mi) is one of several types of molecular masses used in mass spectrometry. The theoretical monoisotopic mass of a molecule is computed by taking the sum of the accurate masses (including mass defect) of the most abundant naturally occurring stable isotope of each atom in the molecule. For small molecules made up of low ...
Mass number. The mass number, also called the nucleon number, is the number of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus. The mass number is unique for each isotope of an element and is written either after the element name or as a superscript to the left of an element's symbol. For example, carbon-12 (12 C) has 6 protons and 6 neutrons.
Fragmentation is a type of chemical dissociation, in which the removal of the electron from the molecule results in ionization. Removal of electrons from either sigma bond, pi bond or nonbonding orbitals causes the ionization. [2] This can take place by a process of homolytic cleavage or homolysis or heterolytic cleavage or heterolysis of the bond.
Chemical ionization (CI) is a soft ionization technique used in mass spectrometry. [ 1 ][ 2 ] This was first introduced by Burnaby Munson and Frank H. Field in 1966. [ 3 ] This technique is a branch of gaseous ion-molecule chemistry. [ 2 ] Reagent gas molecules (often methane or ammonia) [ 4 ] are ionized by electron ionization to form reagent ...