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The nerve is involved in controlling tongue movements required for speech and swallowing, including sticking out the tongue and moving it from side to side. Damage to the nerve or the neural pathways which control it can affect the ability of the tongue to move and its appearance, with the most common sources of damage being injury from trauma ...
Tongue thrusting is a type of orofacial myofunctional disorder, which is defined as habitual resting or thrusting the tongue forward and/or sideways against or between the teeth while swallowing, chewing, resting, or speaking. Abnormal swallowing patterns push the upper teeth forward and away from the upper alveolar processes and cause open bites.
Oromandibular dystonia is characterized by involuntary spasms of the tongue, jaw, and mouth muscles that result in bruxism, or grinding of the teeth, and jaw closure. These conditions frequently lead to secondary dental wear as well as temporomandibular joint syndrome. In addition, problems with chewing, speaking, and swallowing may result from ...
Muteness is the complete inability to speak. Speech sound disorders involve difficulty in producing specific speech sounds (most often certain consonants, such as /s/ or /r/), and are subdivided into articulation disorders (also called phonetic disorders) and phonemic disorders. Articulation disorders are characterized by difficulty learning to ...
These effects in turn hinder control over the tongue, throat, lips or lungs; for example, swallowing problems are also often present in those with dysarthria. Cranial nerves that control the muscles relevant to dysarthria include the trigeminal nerve 's motor branch (V), the facial nerve (VII), the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), the vagus nerve ...
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One main structure for hearing is the cochlea, a tiny coiled structure within the ear (shown in Figure 2). [4] This is one of several structures that can be damaged to cause hearing loss. When sound waves enter the ear, they cause a vibration of the eardrum. This vibration causes the ossicles of the ear to move, causing a depression of the oval ...
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