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Infection. In some cases, loin pain-haematuria syndrome occurs after a bladder infection with involvement of the kidney. Even when the infection has been treated and bugs can no longer be found in the urine, pain may persist for 6 months, or even longer in some cases. "Classic loin pain-haematuria syndrome".
Hematuria can be classified according to visibility, anatomical origin, and timing of blood during urination. [1] [6]In terms of visibility, hematuria can be visible to the naked eye (termed "gross hematuria") and may appear red or brown (sometimes referred to as tea-colored), or it can be microscopic (i.e. not visible but detected with a microscope or laboratory test).
In endemic regions, haematuria is so widespread that it is thought a natural sign of puberty for boys, and is confused with menses in girls. [37] Under serious infection, urinary tract can be blocked leading to obstructive uropathy ( hydroureter and hydronephrosis ), which can be further complicated by bacterial infection and kidney failure .
Microhematuria, also called microscopic hematuria (both usually abbreviated as MH), is a medical condition in which urine contains small amounts of blood; the blood quantity is too low to change the color of the urine (otherwise, it is known as gross hematuria).
There are also differences in epidemiology between the sexes, the disease is more common in men than in women by a ratio of 2 to 1. [ 62 ] The epidemiological data also reveals information regarding the most common way that symptoms develop in people with nephrotic syndrome: [ 62 ] spontaneous remission occurs in up to 20% or 30% of cases ...
Hemorrhagic cystitis or haemorrhagic cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder defined by lower urinary tract symptoms that include dysuria, hematuria, and hemorrhage.The disease can occur as a complication of cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide and radiation therapy.
Clinically, haematuria and proteinuria are present, frequently with nephrotic syndrome, hypertension, hypocomplementemia, elevated anti-dsDNA titres and elevated serum creatinine. [14] Kidney failure is common. [13] Diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis as seen in a pathology specimen: Corticosteroids and immunosuppressant drugs Class V
On gross pathology, nephrosclerosis manifests as a fine granular surface. [4]"Hypertensive" refers to high blood pressure and "nephropathy" means damage to the kidney; hence this condition is where chronic high blood pressure causes damages to kidney tissue; this includes the small blood vessels, glomeruli, kidney tubules and interstitial tissues.