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A vapor-liquid separator may operate as a 3-phase separator, with two immiscible liquid phases of different densities. For example natural gas (vapor), water and oil/condensate. The two liquids settle at the bottom of the vessel with oil floating on the water. Separate liquid outlets are provided. [5]
It has also been used for the same purpose in designing trayed fractionating columns, trayed absorption columns and other vapor–liquid-contacting columns. A vapor–liquid separator drum is a vertical vessel into which a liquid and vapor mixture (or a flashing liquid) is fed and wherein the liquid is separated by gravity, falls to the bottom ...
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The vapor condenses on glass spurs (known as theoretical trays or theoretical plates) inside the column, and returns to the distilling flask, refluxing the rising distillate vapor. The hottest tray is at the bottom of the column and the coolest tray is at the top. At steady-state conditions, the vapor and liquid on each tray reach an equilibrium.
Vessels that are used to intentionally “flash” a mixture of gas and saturated liquids are aptly named "flash drums." A type of vapor-liquid separator. A venting apparatus is used in these vessels to prevent damage due to increasing pressure, extreme cases of this are referred to as boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE).
A Vapor horn is a device used primarily for two-phase (liquid/vapor) feeds to petroleum refinery fractionators, which is designed to provide both bulk phase separation of the vapor and liquid, and to provide initial distribution of the feed vapor. [1] [2] [3]
The vapor stream is separated out of the liquid stream. This vapor is usually not the desired product from the evaporation unit. As such the vapor can be either collected or disposed of depending on the system. The enriched liquid solution is then either collected in the same way as the vapor or recirculated through the system again.
The sizing methods by K factor and retention time give proper separator sizes. According to Song et al (2010), [3] engineers sometimes need further information for the design conditions of downstream equipment, i.e., liquid loading for the mist extractor, water content for the crude dehydrator/desalter or oil content for the water treatment.