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The Emirate of Córdoba, from 929, the Caliphate of Córdoba, was an Arab Islamic state ruled by the Umayyad dynasty from 756 to 1031. Its territory comprised most of the Iberian Peninsula (known to Muslims as al-Andalus ), the Balearic Islands , and parts of North Africa, with its capital in Córdoba (at the time Qurṭubah ).
The period of the Caliphate is seen as the golden age of al-Andalus. Córdoba under the Caliphate, with a population of more than half a million, eventually overtook Constantinople as the largest and most prosperous city in Europe. [41] Al-Andalus became a centre for the arts, medicine, science, music, literature and philosophy.
These early Andalusian societies played a vital role in the region’s transition from prehistory to protohistory. With the Roman conquest, Andalusia became fully integrated into the Roman world as the prosperous province of Baetica, which contributed emperors like Trajan and Hadrian to the Roman Empire. During this time, Andalusia was a key ...
The taifas (green) in 1031. The taifas (from Arabic: طائفة ṭā'ifa, plural طوائف ṭawā'if, meaning "party, band, faction") were the independent Muslim principalities and kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal and Spain), referred to by Muslims as al-Andalus, that emerged from the decline and fall of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba between 1009 and 1031.
During the caliphate of the sixth Umayyad caliph al-Walid I (r. 705–715 ), military commander Tariq ibn Ziyad departed from North Africa in early 711 to cross the Straits of Gibraltar , with a force of about 1,700 men, to launch a military expedition against the Visigoth -controlled Kingdom of Toledo , which encompassed the former territory ...
The southern part of the Iberian peninsula was under Islamic rule for seven hundred years. In medieval history, "al-Andalus" (Arabic: الأندلس) was the name given to the parts of the Iberian Peninsula and Septimania governed by Arab and North African Muslims (given the generic name of Moors), at various times in the period between 711 and 1492.
The Andalusian Caliphate was organized into six large districts, three inland and three on the borders, all with their respective Kūra.The interior demarcations or regions (nabiya) were: al-Gharb, which covered the present-day province of Huelva and southern Portugal; al-Mawsat or central lands, which extended through the valleys of the Guadalquivir and the Genil, plus the mountainous areas ...
Andalusia (UK: / ˌ æ n d ə ˈ l uː s i ə,-z i ə / AN-də-LOO-see-ə, -zee-ə, US: /-ʒ (i) ə,-ʃ (i) ə /-zh(ee-)ə, -sh(ee-)ə; [6] [7] [8] Spanish: Andalucía [andaluˈθi.a] ⓘ, locally also) is the southernmost autonomous community in Peninsular Spain, located in the south of the Iberian Peninsula, in southwestern Europe.