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In physics, Liouville's theorem, named after the French mathematician Joseph Liouville, is a key theorem in classical statistical and Hamiltonian mechanics.It asserts that the phase-space distribution function is constant along the trajectories of the system—that is that the density of system points in the vicinity of a given system point traveling through phase-space is constant with time.
In physics, Liouville field theory (or simply Liouville theory) is a two-dimensional conformal field theory whose classical equation of motion is a generalization of Liouville's equation. Liouville theory is defined for all complex values of the central charge c {\displaystyle c} of its Virasoro symmetry algebra , but it is unitary only if
Greek letters are used in mathematics, science, engineering, and other areas where mathematical notation is used as symbols for constants, special functions, and also conventionally for variables representing certain quantities. In these contexts, the capital letters and the small letters represent distinct and unrelated entities.
In complex analysis, Liouville's theorem, named after Joseph Liouville (although the theorem was first proven by Cauchy in 1844 [1]), states that every bounded entire function must be constant. That is, every holomorphic function f {\displaystyle f} for which there exists a positive number M {\displaystyle M} such that | f ( z ) | ≤ M ...
One of these examples is Liouville's constant L = 0.110001000000000000000001 … , {\displaystyle L=0.110001000000000000000001\ldots ,} in which the n th digit after the decimal point is 1 if n {\displaystyle n} is the factorial of a positive integer and 0 otherwise.
Liouville's theorem has various meanings, all mathematical results named after Joseph Liouville: In complex analysis, see Liouville's theorem (complex analysis) There is also a related theorem on harmonic functions
But Liouville's theorem does not imply that the ergodic hypothesis holds for all Hamiltonian systems. The ergodic hypothesis is often assumed in the statistical analysis of computational physics. The analyst would assume that the average of a process parameter over time and the average over the statistical ensemble are the same. This assumption ...
newton meter squared per kilogram squared (N⋅m 2 /kg 2) shear modulus: pascal (Pa) or newton per square meter (N/m 2) gluon field strength tensor: inverse length squared (1/m 2) acceleration due to gravity: meters per second squared (m/s 2), or equivalently, newtons per kilogram (N/kg) magnetic field strength